(module model mzscheme
  (require "sig.rkt"
           mzlib/unitsig)

  (provide model-unit)

  ;; Most tests are in test-model.rkt, but for better coverage,
  ;; uncomment the tests below for unexported functions when running
  ;; the test suite.
  
  (define model-unit
    (unit/sig model^
      (import config^)

      (define JR? (= BOARD-SIZE 3))
      (define SIZES (if (= BOARD-SIZE 3)
			'(0 1 2)
			'(0 1 2 3)))
      (define PIECE-COUNT (sub1 BOARD-SIZE))
      
      ;; A piece is
      ;;  (make-piece num sym hash-table)
      ;;  where the sym is 'red or 'yellow
      ;; 
      ;; The hash table maps a stack without this
      ;; piece to a stack with this piece on top.
      (define-struct piece (size color gobble-table))  

      (define red-pieces (map (lambda (sz) (make-piece sz 'red (make-hash-table))) SIZES))
      (define yellow-pieces (map (lambda (sz) (make-piece sz 'yellow (make-hash-table))) SIZES))

      ;; Fill in stacks for pieces. By building each possible
      ;;  stack once, we avoid allocating redudant stacks, and
      ;;  we get a value we can eq-hash for canonicalization.
      (define all-stacks
	(let loop ([red-pieces red-pieces]
		   [yellow-pieces yellow-pieces]
		   [prev-stacks (list null)])
	  (if (null? red-pieces)
	      ;; Return all unique stacks:
	      prev-stacks
	      ;; Add stacks to first pieces' tables:
	      (loop (cdr red-pieces)
		    (cdr yellow-pieces)
		    (apply
		     append
		     prev-stacks
		     (map (lambda (p)
			    (map (lambda (stack)
				   (let ([new-stack (cons p stack)])
				     (hash-table-put! (piece-gobble-table p) stack new-stack)
				     new-stack))
				 prev-stacks))
			  (list (car red-pieces)
				(car yellow-pieces))))))))

      ;; A board is a 
      ;;  (vector (vector (list piece ...) ...) ...)

      (define empty-board
	(make-vector BOARD-SIZE (make-vector BOARD-SIZE null)))

      ;; board-ref : board num num -> piece
      (define (board-ref a i j)
	(vector-ref (vector-ref a i) j))

      ;; board-set : board num num piece -> board
      (define (board-set a i j p)
	;; We implement functional update by copying two vectors
	;;  and modifying them.
	(let ([a2 (copy-vector a)]
	      [r2 (copy-vector (vector-ref a i))])
	  (vector-set! a2 i r2)
	  (vector-set! r2 j p)
	  a2))
      
      ;; copy-vector : vector -> vector
      (define (copy-vector v)
	(list->vector (vector->list v)))

      ;; Utilities ------------------------------

      ;; fold-rowcol : (num alpha -> alpha) alpha -> alpha
      (define (fold-rowcol f v)
	(let iloop ([i 0][v v])
	  (if (= i BOARD-SIZE)
	      v
	      (iloop (add1 i) (f i v)))))

      ;; fold-board : (num num alpha -> alpha) alpha -> alpha
      (define (fold-board f v)
	(fold-rowcol (lambda (i v)
		       (fold-rowcol (lambda (j v)
				      (f i j v))
				    v))
		     v))

      ;; other : sym -> sym
      (define (other c)
	(if (eq? c 'red) 'yellow 'red))
      
      ;; Model ------------------------------

      ;; move : board piece num-or-#f num-or-#f num num (board -> alpha) (-> alpha)
      ;;        -> alpha
      ;; Given a board, piece, current location of the piece (or #f if
      ;; not on the board), and target location for the piece, either
      ;; allows the move and calls the continuation k with the new
      ;; board, or disallows and calls the failure continuation.
      ;; The given piece and its source must be correct and ok to move.
      (define (move board p from-i from-j to-i to-j k fail-k)
	(let ([pl (board-ref board to-i to-j)])
	  ;; The move is allowed if the target space is empty or the
	  ;;  top piece is smaller than this one:
	  (if (or (null? pl)
		  (and (< (piece-size (car pl)) (piece-size p))
		       (or from-i
			   JR?
			   ;; In 4x4 game, can't move onto board on top
			   ;;  of piece unless it's part of 3-in-a-row
			   (and (not (eq? (piece-color (car pl)) (piece-color p)))
				(3-in-a-row? board to-i to-j (piece-color (car pl)))))))
	      ;; Allowed:
	      (let ([new-board (if from-i
				   ;; Remove the piece from the old spot:
				   (board-set board from-i from-j 
					      (cdr (board-ref board from-i from-j)))
				   ;; Wasn't on the board, yet:
				   board)])
		;; Add the piece at its new spot, and continue
		(k (board-set new-board to-i to-j (gobble p pl))))
	      ;; Not allowed; fail
	      (fail-k))))

      ;; gobble : piece (listof piece) -> (listof piece)
      (define (gobble p l)
	(hash-table-get (piece-gobble-table p) l))

      ;; - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
      
      ;; winner? : board sym -> bool
      ;;  Checks whether the given color has BOARD-SIZE in a row
      (define (winner? board c)
	(or (n-in-a-diag? BOARD-SIZE board c backslash-diag-flip)
	    (n-in-a-diag? BOARD-SIZE board c slash-diag-flip)
	    ;; Rows and columns:
	    (fold-rowcol (lambda (i v)
			   (or v
			       (and 
				;; Before we count in all directions,
				;;  check the target square.
				(let ([pl (board-ref board i i)])
				  (and (pair? pl)
				       (eq? c (piece-color (car pl)))))
				;; Target square matches, so on to expensive check
				(n-in-a-row/col? BOARD-SIZE board i i c))))
			 #f)))

      ;; 3-in-a-row? : board num num color -> bool
      (define (3-in-a-row? board i j c)
	(or (n-in-a-row/col? 3 board i j c)
	    (and (= i j)
		 (n-in-a-diag? 3 board c backslash-diag-flip))
	    (and (= i (- BOARD-SIZE 1 j))
		 (n-in-a-diag? 3 board c slash-diag-flip))))

      ;; n-in-a-row/col? : num board num num color -> bool
      (define (n-in-a-row/col? n board i j c)
	(let ([row/col?
	       (lambda (board-ref)
		 (= n
		    (fold-rowcol (lambda (z v)
				   (+ v
				      (let ([pl (board-ref z)])
					(if (and (pair? pl)
						 (eq? c (piece-color (car pl))))
					    1
					    0))))
				 0)))])
	  (or (row/col? (lambda (z) (board-ref board i z)))
	      (row/col? (lambda (z) (board-ref board z j))))))

      ;; n-in-a-diag? : num board color (num -> num) -> bool
      (define (n-in-a-diag? n board c flip)
	(= n
	   (fold-rowcol (lambda (i v)
			  (+ v
			     (let ([pl (board-ref board i (flip i))])
			       (if (and (pair? pl)
					(eq? c (piece-color (car pl))))
				   1
				   0))))
			0)))
      (define backslash-diag-flip (lambda (x) x))
      (define slash-diag-flip (lambda (x) (- BOARD-SIZE 1 x)))

      ;; Tests for unexported helpers:
      #;
      (let* ([one-red-board (move empty-board (car red-pieces) #f #f 0 0 values void)]
	     [two-red-board (move (move one-red-board (car red-pieces) #f #f 0 2 values void)
				  (car yellow-pieces) #f #f 2 2 values void)]
	     [three-red-board (move two-red-board (cadr red-pieces) #f #f 1 1 values void)])
	(define (test x y)
	  (unless (equal? x y) 
	    (error 'test "failure!: ~s ~s\n" x y)))
	(test #f (n-in-a-row/col? 1 empty-board 0 0 'red))
	(test #t (n-in-a-row/col? 1 one-red-board 0 0 'red))
	(test #t (n-in-a-row/col? 2 two-red-board 0 0 'red))
	(test #t (n-in-a-row/col? 1 two-red-board 2 2 'red))
	(test #f (n-in-a-row/col? 2 two-red-board 2 2 'red))
	(test #t (n-in-a-row/col? 2 two-red-board 0 1 'red))
	(test #t (n-in-a-row/col? 1 three-red-board 0 1 'red))
	(test #t (n-in-a-row/col? 2 three-red-board 0 1 'red))

	(test #f (n-in-a-diag? 1 one-red-board 'red slash-diag-flip))
	(test #t (n-in-a-diag? 1 one-red-board 'red backslash-diag-flip))
	(test (= BOARD-SIZE 3) (n-in-a-diag? 1 two-red-board 'red slash-diag-flip))
	(test #f (n-in-a-diag? 2 two-red-board 'red slash-diag-flip))
	(test #t (n-in-a-diag? 1 two-red-board 'red backslash-diag-flip))
	(test (= BOARD-SIZE 3) (n-in-a-diag? 2 three-red-board 'red slash-diag-flip))
	(test #t (n-in-a-diag? 2 three-red-board 'red backslash-diag-flip)))

      
      ;; - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
      
      ;; available-off-board : board sym -> (list-of (list-of num))
      ;;  Returns pieces available to move onto the board. The pieces
      ;;  are grouped where moving one piece is disallowed or
      ;;  not sensible until another piece (earlier in the same set)
      ;;  has been moved onto the board.
      (define (available-off-board board c)
	(let ([counts (make-vector BOARD-SIZE 0)])
	  (fold-board (lambda (i j v)
			(for-each (lambda (p)
				    (when (eq? c (piece-color p))
				      (vector-set! counts (piece-size p)
						   (add1 (vector-ref counts (piece-size p))))))
				  (board-ref board i j)))
		      (void))
	  (reverse
	   (if JR?
	       ;; Can move any piece onto board
	       (let loop ([counts (vector->list counts)][sizes SIZES])
		 (cond
		  [(null? counts) null]
		  [((car counts) . < . PIECE-COUNT)
		   (cons (vector->list (make-vector (- PIECE-COUNT (car counts))
						    (car sizes)))
			 (loop (cdr counts) (cdr sizes)))]
		  [else (loop (cdr counts) (cdr sizes))]))
	       ;; Can only move pieces that are not covered by others:
	       (let-values ([(l cnt)
			     (let loop ([counts (vector->list counts)][sizes SIZES])
			       (cond
				[(null? counts) (values null 0)]
				[else (let-values ([(l cnt) (loop (cdr counts) (cdr sizes))])
					(let ([gone (+ cnt (car counts))])
					  (if (gone . < . PIECE-COUNT)
					      (values (append (vector->list
							       (make-vector
								(- PIECE-COUNT gone)
								(let sloop ([sz (car sizes)])
								  (if (negative? sz)
								      null
								      (cons sz
									    (sloop (sub1 sz)))))))
							    l)
						      (+ cnt (- PIECE-COUNT gone)))
					      (values l cnt))))]))])
		 l)))))

      ;; Canonicalization of boards ------------------------------

      ;; Xforms for finding canonical forms. Seven transforms
      ;;  (including the identity) are equivalent. We generate
      ;;  them all and hash when a new board is encountered.
      (define xforms
	(if (= BOARD-SIZE 3)
	    '(#(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)
	      #(0 3 6 1 4 7 2 5 8)
	      #(2 5 8 1 4 7 0 3 6)
	      #(8 5 2 7 4 1 6 3 0)
	      #(6 3 0 7 4 1 8 5 2)
	      #(2 1 0 5 4 3 8 7 6)
	      #(8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0)
	      #(6 7 8 3 4 5 0 1 2))
	    '(#(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15)
	      #(0 4 8 12 1 5 9 13 2 6 10 14 3 7 11 15)
	      #(12 13 14 15 8 9 10 11 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3)
	      #(3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 11 10 9 8 15 14 13 12)
	      #(15 11 7 3 14 10 6 2 13 9 5 1 12 8 4 0)
	      #(12 8 4 0 13 9 5 1 14 10 6 2 15 11 7 3)
	      #(15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0)
	      #(3 7 11 15 2 6 10 14 1 5 9 13 0 4 8 12))))

      ;; Procedure form of the above xforms, effectively
      ;;  unrolloing a loop over the vector.
      (define xform-procs
	(if (= BOARD-SIZE 3)
	    (list 
	     (lambda (v) v)
	     (lambda (v) (bytes (bytes-ref v 0) (bytes-ref v 3) (bytes-ref v 6)
                                (bytes-ref v 1) (bytes-ref v 4)
                                (bytes-ref v 7) (bytes-ref v 2) (bytes-ref v 5) (bytes-ref v 8)))
	     (lambda (v) (bytes (bytes-ref v 2) (bytes-ref v 5) (bytes-ref v 8)
                                (bytes-ref v 1) (bytes-ref v 4)
                                (bytes-ref v 7) (bytes-ref v 0) (bytes-ref v 3) (bytes-ref v 6)))
	     (lambda (v) (bytes (bytes-ref v 8) (bytes-ref v 5) (bytes-ref v 2)
                                (bytes-ref v 7) (bytes-ref v 4)
                                (bytes-ref v 1) (bytes-ref v 6) (bytes-ref v 3) (bytes-ref v 0)))
	     (lambda (v) (bytes (bytes-ref v 6) (bytes-ref v 3) (bytes-ref v 0)
                                (bytes-ref v 7) (bytes-ref v 4)
                                (bytes-ref v 1) (bytes-ref v 8) (bytes-ref v 5) (bytes-ref v 2)))
	     (lambda (v) (bytes (bytes-ref v 2) (bytes-ref v 1) (bytes-ref v 0)
                                (bytes-ref v 5) (bytes-ref v 4)
                                (bytes-ref v 3) (bytes-ref v 8) (bytes-ref v 7) (bytes-ref v 6)))
	     (lambda (v) (bytes (bytes-ref v 8) (bytes-ref v 7) (bytes-ref v 6)
                                (bytes-ref v 5) (bytes-ref v 4)
                                (bytes-ref v 3) (bytes-ref v 2) (bytes-ref v 1) (bytes-ref v 0)))
	     (lambda (v) (bytes (bytes-ref v 6) (bytes-ref v 7) (bytes-ref v 8)
                                (bytes-ref v 3) (bytes-ref v 4)
                                (bytes-ref v 5) (bytes-ref v 0) (bytes-ref v 1) (bytes-ref v 2))))
	    (list
	     (lambda (v) v)
	     (lambda (v) (bytes (bytes-ref v 0) (bytes-ref v 4) (bytes-ref v 8)
                                (bytes-ref v 12) (bytes-ref v 1)
                                (bytes-ref v 5) (bytes-ref v 9) (bytes-ref v 13)
                                (bytes-ref v 2) (bytes-ref v 6)
                                (bytes-ref v 10) (bytes-ref v 14)
                                (bytes-ref v 3) (bytes-ref v 7) (bytes-ref v 11)
                                (bytes-ref v 15)))
	     (lambda (v) (bytes (bytes-ref v 12) (bytes-ref v 13) (bytes-ref v 14)
                                (bytes-ref v 15) (bytes-ref v 8) 
                                (bytes-ref v 9) (bytes-ref v 10) (bytes-ref v 11)
                                (bytes-ref v 4) (bytes-ref v 5)
                                (bytes-ref v 6) (bytes-ref v 7)
                                (bytes-ref v 0) (bytes-ref v 1) (bytes-ref v 2)
                                (bytes-ref v 3)))
	     (lambda (v) (bytes (bytes-ref v 3) (bytes-ref v 2) (bytes-ref v 1)
                                (bytes-ref v 0) (bytes-ref v 7) 
                                (bytes-ref v 6) (bytes-ref v 5) (bytes-ref v 4)
                                (bytes-ref v 11) (bytes-ref v 10)
                                (bytes-ref v 9) (bytes-ref v 8)
                                (bytes-ref v 15) (bytes-ref v 14) (bytes-ref v 13)
                                (bytes-ref v 12)))
	     (lambda (v) (bytes (bytes-ref v 15) (bytes-ref v 11) (bytes-ref v 7)
                                (bytes-ref v 3) (bytes-ref v 14)
                                (bytes-ref v 10) (bytes-ref v 6) (bytes-ref v 2)
                                (bytes-ref v 13) (bytes-ref v 9)
                                (bytes-ref v 5) (bytes-ref v 1)
                                (bytes-ref v 12) (bytes-ref v 8) (bytes-ref v 4)
                                (bytes-ref v 0)))
	     (lambda (v) (bytes (bytes-ref v 12) (bytes-ref v 8) (bytes-ref v 4)
                                (bytes-ref v 0) (bytes-ref v 13) 
                                (bytes-ref v 9) (bytes-ref v 5) (bytes-ref v 1)
                                (bytes-ref v 14) (bytes-ref v 10)
                                (bytes-ref v 6) (bytes-ref v 2) 
                                (bytes-ref v 15) (bytes-ref v 11) (bytes-ref v 7)
                                (bytes-ref v 3)))
	     (lambda (v) (bytes (bytes-ref v 15) (bytes-ref v 14) (bytes-ref v 13)
                                (bytes-ref v 12) (bytes-ref v 11)
                                (bytes-ref v 10) (bytes-ref v 9) (bytes-ref v 8)
                                (bytes-ref v 7) (bytes-ref v 6)
                                (bytes-ref v 5) (bytes-ref v 4)
                                (bytes-ref v 3) (bytes-ref v 2) (bytes-ref v 1)
                                (bytes-ref v 0)))
	     (lambda (v) (bytes (bytes-ref v 3) (bytes-ref v 7) (bytes-ref v 11)
                                (bytes-ref v 15) (bytes-ref v 2)
                                (bytes-ref v 6) (bytes-ref v 10) (bytes-ref v 14)
                                (bytes-ref v 1) (bytes-ref v 5)
                                (bytes-ref v 9) (bytes-ref v 13)
                                (bytes-ref v 0) (bytes-ref v 4) (bytes-ref v 8)
                                (bytes-ref v 12))))))

      ;; Generates the compact representation of a board, which is
      ;; good for hashing, but bad for applying moves
      (define flatten-board
	(if (= BOARD-SIZE 3)
	    (lambda (board stack-ids)
	      (bytes (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 0 0))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 1 0))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 2 0))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 0 1))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 1 1))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 2 1))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 0 2))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 1 2))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 2 2))))
	    (lambda (board stack-ids)
	      (bytes (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 0 0))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 1 0))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 2 0))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 3 0))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 0 1))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 1 1))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 2 1))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 3 1))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 0 2))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 1 2))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 2 2))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 3 2))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 0 3))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 1 3))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 2 3))
                     (hash-table-get stack-ids (board-ref board 3 3))))))


      ;; Generate a numerical ID for each stack. This numerical
      ;;  ID must stay constant for all of time, because we
      ;;  record boards in compact form using these numbers.
      ;;  (For example, see "plays-3x3.rkt".)
      (define red-stack-ids (make-hash-table))
      (define yellow-stack-ids (make-hash-table))
      (for-each (lambda (s)
		  (hash-table-put! red-stack-ids s (hash-table-count red-stack-ids)))
		all-stacks)
      (for-each (lambda (s)
		  (let ([inverse 
                         (let loop ([s s])
                           (if (null? s)
                               null
                               (hash-table-get (piece-gobble-table
                                                (if (eq? (piece-color (car s)) 'red)
                                                    (list-ref yellow-pieces (piece-size (car s)))
                                                    (list-ref red-pieces (piece-size (car s)))))
                                               (loop (cdr s)))))])
		    (hash-table-put! yellow-stack-ids s (hash-table-get red-stack-ids inverse))))
		all-stacks)

      ;; Applies an appropriate flattener
      (define (compact-board board who)
	(flatten-board board
		       (if (eq? who 'red) red-stack-ids yellow-stack-ids)))

      ;; make-canonicalize : -> (union (board sym -> (cons compact xform))
      ;;                               (compact #f -> (cons compact xform)))
      ;;  The resulting procedure embeds a table for mapping a compact
      ;;  board to its canonical compact board. The result includes an
      ;;  xform for getting from the given board's locations to
      ;;  locations in the canonical board.
      (define (make-canonicalize)
	(let ([memory (make-hash-table 'equal)])
	  ;; Convert the board into a byte string, normalizing player:
	  (lambda (board who)
	    (let ([v (if who
			 (compact-board board who)
			 board)])
	      ;; Find canonical mapping.	      
	      (hash-table-get 
               memory v
               (lambda ()
                 (let* ([pr (cons v (car xforms))])
                   (hash-table-put! memory v pr)
                   ;; Add each equivalent to table:
                   (for-each (lambda (xform xform-proc)
                               (hash-table-put! memory (xform-proc v) (cons v xform)))
                             (cdr xforms) (cdr xform-procs))
                   pr)))))))
      
      ;; apply-xform : xform num num -> num
      ;;  Returns a position in a canonical board
      (define (apply-xform xform i j)
	(vector-ref xform (+ (* j BOARD-SIZE) i)))
      ;; unapply-xform : xform num -> (values num num)
      ;;  Maps a canonical-board position to a position in
      ;;  a specific board.
      (define (unapply-xform xform v)
	(let loop ([i 0])
	  (if (= (vector-ref xform i) v)
	      (values (modulo i BOARD-SIZE) (quotient i BOARD-SIZE))
	      (loop (add1 i)))))

      ;; Printing boards ------------------------------

      ;; helper
      (define (board->string depth b)
	(let jloop ([j 0])
	  (if (= j BOARD-SIZE)
	      ""
	      (string-append
	       (make-string depth #\space)
	       (let iloop ([i 0])
		 (if (= i BOARD-SIZE)
		     ""
		     (string-append (stack->string (board-ref b i j))
				    " "
				    (iloop (add1 i)))))
	       "\n"
	       (jloop (add1 j))))))
      
      (define (stack->string s)
	(let ([s (apply string-append 
			"...."
			(map (lambda (p)
			       (list-ref (if (eq? 'red (piece-color p))
					     '("_" "i" "I" "|")
					     '("=" "o" "O" "0"))
					 (piece-size p)))
			     s))])
	  (substring s (- (string-length s) BOARD-SIZE)))))))
